Chu Opera: A Unique Cultural Treasure of Hubei

Chu Opera, formerly known as Ohe Qiang (哦呵腔), Huangxiao Huagu Opera(黄孝花鼓戏), and Xilu Huagu Opera(西路花鼓戏), originated in the eastern part of Hubei during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. It emerged from a blend of local folk songs, storytelling, and various performance arts, including bamboo horse shows and stilt walking. Officially named Chu Opera in 1926, it boasts a history of over 150 years.

As the largest form of opera in Hubei, Chu Opera has a strong grassroots following, particularly in the eastern part of the province, where it is popular in over 40 cities and counties, reaching a population of more than 20 million. It also has a significant presence throughout China, with many enthusiasts.

Chu Opera has around 500 existing plays, with over 200 regularly performed. Notable performances include "Qin Xuemei Mourning," "Princess Yinping," "Ganza," "Killing the Dog to Surprise the Wife," and "Three Generations of Grudges."

The singing style of Chu Opera is divided into three parts: Banqiang, Xiaodiao, and Gaoqiang. Banqiang includes various styles like Yanquan, Xianqiang, and Ying Shanqiang. Xiaodiao features pieces like "Shixiudiao" and "Macheng Diao," while Gaoqiang includes tunes such as "Suonan Zhi" and "Wutong Rain." The main musical instruments used in Chu Opera include the Huqin, Jing Erhu, Erhu, Sanxian, and various percussion instruments.

The characters in Chu Opera are mainly divided into three types: Sheng (male), Dan (female), and Chou (clown). Other roles are often played by actors from these categories. Performances emphasize naturalness and authenticity, using varied techniques while maintaining a strong connection to local culture. Notable actors include Shen Yunhai, Gao Yuelou, Guan Xiaobin, Li Yaqiao, and Xiong Jianxiao.

Originating from the community, Chu Opera features straightforward character arrangements, simple stage designs, and costumes. The themes often revolve around love stories and everyday life, reflecting the heartfelt emotions of ordinary people and their deep connection to the land. The lyrics are written in local dialect, making them easy for audiences to understand and enjoy.

Chu Opera is closely tied to everyday life and adapts to contemporary themes with diverse artistic expressions, showcasing the unique local culture of eastern Hubei. However, it currently faces several challenges, including a decline in troupes, an aging workforce, financial difficulties, and a shrinking audience. There is an urgent need for financial support to preserve valuable materials and the skills of older artists.

In 2009, Xiangyang was approved as the permanent venue for the Hubei Chu Opera Art Festival by the provincial government and cultural department, hosting six festivals to date. In 2014, Xiangyang’s Chu Opera was included in the fourth batch of the national intangible cultural heritage expansion list. In 2016, the "Chu Opera Performance Activities" were recognized by the Ministry of Culture as a national public cultural service demonstration project.